Water absorption base

ABSTRACT

Compositions useful in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations comprising at least about 75% petrolatum and a combination of minor amounts each of four emulsifiers in certain proportions: 1) 1.5 - 10% by weight of either sorbitan monooleate or ethoxylated (3 moles ethylene oxide) oleic acid; 2) 0.6 - 3% by weight of either glycerol monooleate or glycerol monolaurate; 3) 0.45 1.5% cetyl alcohol; and, 4) 0.45 - 1.5% by weight stearyl alcohol. The compositions are superior to lanolin or lanolin derivative per se or water absorption bases containing either in that they are stable water-in-oil emulsions having Water Numbers in excess of 400, are not allergenic, and are not as subject to oxidative attack during shelf life that can cause discoloration and odor formation.

United States Patent [1 1 Siegel 1 WATER ABSORPTION BASE [75] Inventor: Frederick P. Siegel, Lincolnwood,

Ill.

[73] Assignee: Akzona Incorporated, Asheville,

[22] Filed: Jan. 28, 1974 [21] Appl. No.: 437,418

[52] US. Cl. 424/365; 424/170; 424/308;

424/358; 252/35l; 252/D1G. 5; 424/238 [51] Int. Cl. A6lK 7/48; A61K 47/00 [58] Field of Search 424/365, 358, 170

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,114,490 4/1938 Harris 424/365 2.372.807 4/1945 Brown 424/365 OTHER PUBLICATIONS DeNavarre, The Chemistry & Manufacture of Cosmetics," 2nd Ed. Vol. 11, Cosmetic Materials, -pp/ 84, 85, 89, 97, 98, 99 84 100 (1962). The Pharmacopeia of the U.S.A., Seventeenth Revi- Nov. 11, 1975 sion, (1965), pp. 448-499, 668, 786, 787 & 789.

Primary E.raminerD0nald B. Moycr Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Francis W. Young; Philip M. Pippenger [57] ABSTRACT Compositions useful in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations comprising at least about 75% petrola' turn and a combination of minor amounts each of four emulsifiers in certain proportions: I] 1.5 10% by weight of either sorbitan monooleate or ethoxylated (3 moles ethylene oxide) oleic acid; 2) 0.6 3% by weight of either glycerol monooleate or glycerol monolaurate; 3) 0.45 1.5% cetyl alcohol; and. 4) 0.45 1.5% by weight stearyl alcohol. The composi tions are superior to lanolin or lanolin derivative per se or water absorption bases containing either in that they are stable water-in-oil emulsions having Water Numbers in excess of 400. are not allergenic. and are not as subject to oxidalivc attack during shelf life that can cause discoloration and odor formation.

3 Claims, No Drawings WATER ABSORPTION BASE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to water absorption bases which are used in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

Cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations utilizing some of the constituents of the present invention are well known and can be represented by some of the following U.S. Pats: Reissue Patent Nos. Re 27.253 and Re 20.36l; Pat. Nos. 1.958.700; 2.322.820; 2.372.807; 2.583.576; 2.854.378; 2.942.008; 2.987.446 and 3536.8 l6.

The best known and almost universally used water absorption bases for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations contained significant amounts of lanolin and lanolin derivatives. Lanolin, however. has poor color and color stability. develops odors. imparts stickiness to formulations, is susceptible to oxidative attack and is reported to be allergenic. Furthermore. lanolin has shortcomings in terms of its ability to absorb water (the primary qualification of a water absorption base). The parameter used to measure the performance of a water absorption base is its Water Number. Water Number was originally defined by Casparis and Meyer (Pharm. .4010. Helix. Vol. 10. p. 163. [935) as the maximum number of grams of water that will form a stable waterin-oil emulsion with 100 grams of the water absorption base. For example. a Water Number of 400 means that 100 parts of the base will combine with 400 parts of water. This test has been expanded to give a measure of extended packaging or shelf lift by examining the water absorption base at the designated Water Number after 48 hours. both at 77F and at 100F. If the particular water emulsion (Water Number) does not separate within 48 hours at both temperatures, it is judged to be stable under normal conditions. This criterion is perhaps the most important test of whether a water absorption base having a certain Water Number is suitable for use in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations because of the requirement of long shelf life without separation of the product.

While lanolin has a Water Number of 475 when freshly prepared. on aging. even while refrigerated. this value drops to l90. It has been suggested that the latter value should be considered a more nearly true value (Chemisn v and Manufacture of Cusmelics by M. G. deNaVarre. D. Van Nostrand. l94l. page 66).

Numerous attempts have been made over the years to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks, but none have been completely successful. Such attempts have mostly centered on modifying lanolin chemically to re duce one or more of the disadvantages enumerated above; none of the derivatives produced, however. have eliminated all the disadvantages and their cost is considerably higher than lanolin. The compositions of the present invention overcome the disadvantages mentioned. exhibits a Water Number of 400 or greater which remain constant with age. and in addition. are lower in cost than lanolin derivatives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed to compositions which exhibit to a very high degree the ability to absorb water and which thus find utility as a water absorption base in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. The compositions of the invention have a Water Number of at 2 least 400 which remains stable for a minimum of 48 hours at 100F.

Most particularly. it has been found that petrolatum can be emulsified with certain combinations of four of the following materials to obtain compositions having the above mentioned properties: l sorbitan monooleate or ethoxylated (3 moles ethylene oxide) cleic acid; (2) glycerol monooleate or glycerol monolaurate; (3) cetyl alcohol; and (4) stearyl alcohol in specific proportions. In particular. the water absorption base composition comprises at least by weight of petrolatum and minor amounts of each of an emulsifier from each of the four groups just mentioned and may contain small amounts of a bacterial control agent. such as propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (propyl paraben). While some petrolatums give better results than other petrolatums. and are preferred. all petrolatums are found to be useful in the invention. Water absorption bases within the following ranges are found to exhibit Water Numbers of at least 400 and are stable water-in-oil emulsions. i.e. do not separate. when heated at 1 10F for a minimum of 48 hours: petrolatum 95%: sorbitan monooleate 1.5 10%; glycerol monooleate 0.6 3%; cetyl alcohol 0.45 l.5%'. and stearyl alcohol 0.45 l.5%. Oleic acid ethoxylated with about 3 moles ethylene oxide can be used in place of sorbitan monooleate. and glycerol monolaurate can be substituted for glycerol monooleate in the above ranges.

Compositions within the following ranges have Water Numbers in excess of 800 and are stable at this Water Number for at least 48 hours at l l0F and. hence. are preferred: about petrolatum; about 0.65% each of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol; 5 7% sorbitan monooleate and l 2% glycerol monooleate.

A preservative such as methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (methyl paraben) or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (propyl paraben) may be incorporated in the above formulation in an amount sufficient to control bacteriological growth in the water absorption base. usually around 0. l 0.2%.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has been observed that petrolatums of various fiber lengths (short. medium. long) made from Pennsylvania crude oils give the highest Water Numbers and are the most stable as determined by the elevated temperature storage tests described hereinafter and thus are preferred. However. a short fiber petrolatum from a mid continent crude oil (Amojel Snow White) gave satisfactory results but not as good as the Pennsylvania Crudes. Petrolatums derived from Pennsylvania crude oils that have been used with good effect include: Protopet l-S regular (short fiber petrolatum marketed by Witco); Protopet l-S (long fiber); Protopet 2-L (long fiber); Amojel long fiber (Amoco) Penreco short. medium and long fibers (Penreco). The only factor that appears critical is that a large proportion of petrolatum be used in relation to the total amount of emulsifiers used in the base formulation. For the purposes of this invention at least 75% petrolatum is used and preferably. 85

Four emulsifiers are selected from the following: sorbitan monooleate; glycerol monooleate; glycerol monolaurate; oleic acid ethoxylated with 3 moles of ethylene oxides; cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. A first emulsifier either sorbitan monooleate or oleic acid ethoxylated with 3 moles of ethylene oxide may be incorporated in amounts ranging from L5 to l0% by weight of the water absorption base although amounts from 5 7% by weight are preferred. A second emulsifier selected from the group consisting of glycerol monooleate and glycerol monolaurate is added in amounts from about 0.6% to about 3% by weight.

Two specific emulsifiers. which additionally function as emollients. cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. are added in small amounts in the range of 0.45 0.9% by weight each and preferably. in equal quantities.

EXAMPLES The invention will be illustrated with a number of examples setting forth various compositions which are stable at Water Numbers of 400 or more as shown by the heat (aging) stability test described above. Each of the compositions was formulated in the proportions. by weight percentage. stated below in the tables by thoroughly mixing the ingredients in any order desired. in a While the materials utilized in my water absorption blender. The Water Number is then determined by base are well known and commonly used in cosmetic adding hot [40F) water in 100 gm. units to 100 gm. and pharmaceutical preparations. l have found. unexof the water absorption base with further blending then pectedly. a composition. that. in the proportions discooling the mixture to 100F to determine the maxiclosed herein. has water absorption properties com mum units of water which will not separate on standing bined with other properties and a degree of heat stabill5 at room temperature for 48 hours. One-ounce samples ity not found in other materials heretofor used for this of the water absorption base at each level of Water purpo e. Number up to the maximum at which the base remains The most commonly used water absorption base. lancompletely emulsifed after 48 hours are placed in vials ol1n. has a Water Number of over 400, when freshly and heated in an oven set at 110F. The samples are prepared. which rapidly drops to below 200. The Water 30 again observed after 48 hours. If the emulsion has sepa- Number is a direct measure of how much water can be rated during that time. the base is rejected for lack of absorbed by a base material and is an essential criteria aging stability at that Water Number. In the tables beof the suitability of the material for cosmetic and pharlow. the figure in the best stability now represents the maceutical preparations. Further. to be useful. the level highest Water Number (in I unit steps) for which the of the Water Number must remain high and not dimin- 3? base will not separate under the specified temperature ish with age. A simple test to determine the stability of conditions. The compositions of the invention are illusa water absorption base comprises heating a sample trated in the following examples, 1 23 in Table l. Sucombined with a given amount of water (i.e. at a speperior compositions are shown by Examples Nos. 10. cific Water Number) in an oven at l l0F for 48 hours. I l and l7 and represent the compositions referred to To be considered stable at the designated Water Num- 39 above.

TABLE I Material Example No.

Prolopet 1-s Reg. 93.70 91.70 2.70 11.70 90.70 94.70 95.00 91 90.00 91.20 87.70 219.70

Protopet l-S Long Fiber Protopet 2 L Long Fiber Amojel Long Fiber Penreco Short Fiber Penreco Long Fiber s1t-rrr 1 A1t-6h61 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.45 0.65 01w 0.65 0.65 0.65

(m1 AlCnhOl 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.45 0.65 0.89 0.65 0.65 0.65

Sorbitan Monooleate 5.00 5.00 R00 #00 3.00 3.42 3.00 6.85 6.00 7.00 8.00

Ethovylated Oleic Acid (3 moles ethylene oxide) 5.00 Glycerol Monooleate L00 1 00 7 00 .00 1.00 0.68 7 00 l 7 L50 2.00 l 00 Glycerol Monolaurate 1.00

Water N6.-4: hrs. at 77F 600 400 400 2100 800 400 600 800 900 900 1100 400 Heat Stability [Water No.-

461 hrs. at lI0F) 600 400 400 600 600 400 400 400 600 1100 6100 400 Prolopel l-S Regv 92.00 85.00 9l.00 92.60 Protopet l-S Long Fiber Protopet Z-L Long Fiber 92.70 92.70 Amojel Snow White 92.20 Amojel Long Fiber 92.70 Penreco Short Fiber 92.70 Penreco Medium Fiber 92.70 Penreco long Fiber 92.70 Stearyl A1c6h61 1.33 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.5 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

Cetyl AlCOhOl 1.33 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.5 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

Sorbitan Monooleate 1113a .00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

Ethoxylated Oleic Acid (3 moles ethylene o\ide) Glycerol Monoolcate 1.00 2.06 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Propy lparaben 0.1 Water No.48 hrs. .11 77F 600 1000 400 400 2100 400 600 600 400 400 400 Heat Stability [Water No.-

411 hrs at 1 MPH 400 600 400 400 2100 -i011 400 600 400 400 her, the emulsion must not separate during the 48 hour period.

In Table II below, each of the Examples 24 32 are directed to a composition in which one or more of the essential ingredients have been omitted, substituted by another material or reduced below the level of the operat ve range and it wlll be noted that the Water Nurn- TABLE 1V c0minued ber 1s below 400 or the composition is not stable as indicated by the aging test. From Example No. 29, it will fi p z 6 be observed that petrolatum alone has a Water Number less than 10 and is therefore not useful as a water ab- 5 W i (arnatlon Mineral Oll 12.0 9.0 7.0 6.0 sorpuon TABLE H Base of Example 13 3.0 3.0 30 30 Material Example No.

:4 :5 2s 2s 2 3a .11 3:

Protopet l-s Reg. 9270 92.70 92.70 94.00 as 71) [00.00 Protopet Z-L Long Fiber 99.00 96.20 97.70 Stearyl Alcohol 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 Cetyl Alcohol 0.05 [ms ans 0.65 ans Sorbitan Monooleate 5.00 1.50 Sorhitun Monolaurate 5.00 Glycerol Monooleate L 1.00 1.00 L00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Diethylene Glycol Monostearate 5.00 Polyethylene Glycol Monooleate 5.00 Water No. 48 hrs.

at 77F ZUU 2UU :UU ZUU ZUU H] ZUU JUU -l()U Heat Stability (Water No. 48 hrs. at llUFl ZUU IUU :UU ZUU ZUU H) ZUU ZUU 2UU Stearyl Alcohol 5.0 2.0 Methyl Paraben 0| 0| 0| 0| Propyl Parahen 0.l 0.05 0.| 0.l Glycerin 5.0 3.0 5.0 Polauax (Croda) 3.0 In Table Ill below the Water Numbers of lanolin and ul l l1) 1 v V Steam: Acld (heo-Fat a number of modified lanollns now generally avallable W45 Arm-alt C(tl'l'tftilt) l 1.0 R. on the market have been determined in the same man riv h n amin 1.5 tl ner described about to provide a direct comparison to i LFQTQLQ, Amnk the compositions of the invention. Although it will be m Lompanyl 3.0 noted that some of the modified lanolins exhibit ele- 9mm! vated temperature stability, Water Numbers greater than 400, they are more costly than the compositions described herein. Furthermore, while the modified lanwhat d l olins are less allergenic than lanolin, they do not enis dter b w f for l 0mm tirely eliminate the reported allergenic reactions. The men: formulmonst f g a g f h lanolin odor that is often objectionable in pharmaceutifrom E' t O mLm 0 t cal and cosmetic preparations is still evident in many P Conslstmg gj f' l Olelc modified lanolin products, but is totally absent from the f d ethoiildted moles 0 em: com osition of the invention. e;

p b. from 0.6 to 3.0% by elght ot a member of the TABLE group consisting of glycerol monooleate and glyc- Product Maximum Water 6T0] monolaurlltfi;

i:: c. from 0.45 to 1.5% by weight of stearyl alcohol;

at d. from 0.45 to l.57z by weight of cetyl alcohol; and

i 5 w t z- Emmple 10 e. balance atleast 3 7( by Eighthof'a lbcllpeft'fiil lanolin-USP (Clfltltl) :llu tum. sa d water a sorptlon ase a mg a capabl lty mtzgifiej yanoyin t im erctysl iPll 22 of forming a stable water-ln-oll emulslon in a ratio rnt it'le ano in or an- )1 modified lanolin (Ammhol CABCPU 60 of 100 parts of base toat least 400 parts of miter. modified lanolin (Amerchol H-9 -CPl) mlu by welght. sald emulsion showlng no separation f Cpl) when held both at 77F and 1 10F for a minimum modified lanolin (Lanalan-Lanatex) modified lanolin (Lanatex L-l5 Lilmlt\l 300 period of 48 hours. I mng 'net: :ano:in :Qmef'fhl():llB1ldA|?|T/\) 2. The water absorption base of claim 1 wherein the m0 lltl ano In lldC 0- modified lanolin (Lanatex LP Lanatex) 200 amount of Pg from to elght of the composltlon. 55 3. A water absorption base for cream for lotion cos- Using the composition of Example 23. a hand creme met"? fbrmulabons- COn5|5bng essentially of: (Example 33). a creme lotion (Example 34), a night y welgbt of sbrbmm mobbbleatel creme (Example 35), and a hand and body lotion (Ex- 15% y weight of glycerol monbbleme; ample 36). respectively were prepared by blending the C (16% y Weight of l alcohol; ingredients indicated in Table IV in the proportions by 60 o-bqf y Weight of y} alcohol; and weight indicate e. balance about 907z by weight of a fiber petrolatum; TABLE IV said water absorption base having a capablllty of forming a stable water-incl] emulslon In a ratio Material Example No. of parts of base to 800 parts of water. by

Promulgen D (Robinson Wagner) Glycerol Monnstearate (Kessco GMS SE weight. said emulsion showing no separation when held both at 77F and 1 10F for a minimum period of 48 hours. 

1. A WATER ABSORPTION BASE FOR CREAM AND LOTION COSMETIC FORMULATIONS, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF: A. FROM 1.5 TO 10% BY WEIGHT OF A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SORBITAN MONOOLEATE AND OLEIC ACID ETHOXYLATED WITH ABOUT 3 MOLES OF ETHYLENE OXIDE; B. FROM 0.6 TO 3.0% BY WEIGHT OF A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GLYCERROL MONOOLEATE AND GLYCEROL MONOLAURATE; C. FROM 0.45 TO 1.5% BY WEIGHT OF STEARYL ALCOHOL; D. FROM 0.45 TO 1.5% BY WEIGHT OF CETYL ALCOHOL; AND E. BALANCE AT LEAST 75% BY WEIGHT OF A FIBER PETROLATIUM; SAID WATER ABSORPTION BASE HAVING A CAPABILITY OF FORMING A STABEL WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION IN A RATIO OF 100 PARTS OF BASE TO AT LEAST 400 PARTS OF WATER, BY WEIGHT, SAID EMULSION SHOWING NO SEPARATION WHEN HELD BOTH AT 77*F AND 110*F FOR A MINIMUM PERIOD OF 48 HOURS.
 2. The water absorption base of claim 1 wherein the amount of petrolatum is from 85 to 90% by weight of the composition.
 3. A water absorption base for cream for lotion cosmetic formulations, consisting essentially of: a. 6% by weight of sorbitan monooleate; b. 1.5% by weight of glycerol monooleate; c. 0.6% by weight of cetyl alcohol; d. 0.6% by weight of stearyl alcohol; and e. balance about 90% by weight of a fiber petrolatum; said water absorption base having a capability of forming a stable water-in-oil emulsion in a ratio of 100 parts of base to 800 parts of water, by weight, said emulsion showing no separation when held both at 77*F and 110*F for a minimum period of 48 hours. 